Acne is a troublesome issue for many people, especially prevalent among teenagers and young adults. Many individuals seek over-the-counter acne products to address this concern.
Before we delve into specific products, it is essential to understand the root causes of acne. This skin problem is primarily caused by four factors: excessive sebum production, keratin buildup, bacterial growth, and inflammatory responses. Each cause requires different approaches, and we will focus on some ingredients found in over-the-counter skincare products.
First, we address the issue of excess sebum production. In fact, most ingredients that effectively inhibit sebaceous gland secretion are prescription medications, such as oral retinoids and certain contraceptives. The effectiveness of most over-the-counter products in this regard is relatively limited.
Next, regarding the problem of excessive keratinization, products containing retinol, aldehyde, or esters can be used. Esters are relatively mild, while retinol promotes keratin metabolism more effectively. For tackling the buildup within the pores, AHA (alpha hydroxy acids) or BHA (beta hydroxy acids) products available in the market are very suitable. AHAs can penetrate the skin to help eliminate dead skin cells, while BHAs, due to their lipophilicity, are particularly effective at dissolving blockages within hair follicles.
In the Hong Kong market, BHA concentrations typically range from 0.2% to 2%. For most users, this concentration is safe to use, but it is important to note that children under three years old should avoid contact with these products.
For the bacteria that trigger acne, particularly P.acnes, current treatments mainly involve topical antibiotics. However, long-term use of antibiotics can lead to resistance. At this point, we might consider BPO (benzoyl peroxide), a relatively safe acne-fighting ingredient. In U.S. pharmacies, it is available in concentrations ranging from 2.5% to 10%, while in Hong Kong, it is typically used as a medication.
Additionally, tea tree oil is gaining attention for its excellent antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects. Research shows that tea tree oil can effectively complement antibiotic treatment and help reduce the risk of resistance. Emerging ingredients, such as alliinase, are also drawing interest for their anti-inflammatory potential, but more research is needed to confirm their effectiveness.
Overall, when choosing acne products, consumers in Hong Kong should prioritize these effective ingredients. Many products containing mandelic acid and BHA are available on the market, which can help reduce acne formation. Some of these products also include antibacterial agents and soothing ingredients to enhance their effectiveness, promoting healthier skin.
Finally, if your acne condition is more severe, it is advisable to seek a doctor’s advice rather than rely solely on over-the-counter skincare products. By understanding the correct information and selecting suitable products, you can effectively combat acne and restore your skin’s health and confidence.